The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of classification and labeling of chemicals establishes uniform requirements for how hazardous materials are identified on containers, including IBC totes. In the United States, GHS labeling is enforced by OSHA under the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS 2012, 29 CFR 1910.1200).
Required Label Elements
Every IBC tote containing a hazardous chemical must display a GHS-compliant label with the following elements: product identifier (chemical name and any relevant codes), signal word (either "Danger" for more severe hazards or "Warning" for less severe), GHS hazard pictograms (the red diamond-bordered symbols), hazard statements (standardized phrases describing the nature of the hazard), precautionary statements (standardized phrases for prevention, response, storage, and disposal), and supplier identification (name, address, and phone number of the manufacturer or responsible party).
Pictogram Requirements for IBCs
GHS pictograms on IBC totes must be clearly visible and proportionate to the container size. For standard IBCs, the minimum pictogram size is 100mm x 100mm (approximately 4 inches square). Use only the pictograms specified for the chemical's classification — do not add or omit symbols. Common pictograms for IBC-stored chemicals include the flame (flammable), exclamation mark (irritant), corrosion (corrosive), skull and crossbones (acute toxicity), and environment (aquatic hazard).
Label Durability
Labels must remain legible throughout the expected life of the container and contents. For outdoor-stored IBCs, this means UV-resistant printing on weatherproof substrate. Adhesive labels should be tested for adhesion to HDPE surfaces. Many facilities use bolt-on or slide-in label holders that protect the paper label from weather and abrasion.
Reconditioned IBC Labels
When an IBC is reconditioned, all previous labels must be removed or completely obscured. The reconditioner applies new labels indicating the reconditioning date, reconditioner identity, and any applicable certifications. The shipper is responsible for applying the GHS hazard label for the new contents before filling.